Steel Buildings in Europe

Part 3: Actions 3 - 8 4 PERMANENT ACTIONS The self-weight of construction works is generally the main permanent load. As stated in EN 1991-1-1 § 2.1(1), it should be classified as a permanent fixed action The total self-weight of structural and non-structural members, including fixed services, should be taken into account in combinations of actions as a single action. Non-structural elements include roofing, surfacing and coverings, partitions and linings, hand rails, safety barriers, parapets, wall claddings, suspended ceilings, thermal insulation, fixed machinery and all fixed services (equipment for lifts and moving stairways, heating, ventilating, electrical and air conditioning equipment, pipes without their contents, cable trunking and conduits). The characteristic values of self-weight should be defined from the dimensions and densities of the elements. Values of densities of construction materials are provided in EN 1991-1-1 Annex A (Tables A.1 to A.5). For example: Steel:  = 77,0 to 78,5 kN/m 3 Normal reinforced concrete  = 25,0 kN/m 3 Aluminium:  = 27,0 kN/m 3 For manufactured elements (façades, ceilings and other equipment for buildings), data may be provided by the manufacturer.