Steel Buildings in Europe

Part 3: Actions 3 - v Contents Page No FOREWORD iii SUMMARY vi 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 SAFETY PHILOSOPHY ACCORDING TO EN 1990 2 2.1 General format of the verifications 2 2.2 Ultimate limit states and serviceability limit states 2 2.3 Characteristic values and design values of actions 3 3 COMBINATIONS OF ACTIONS 4 3.1 General 4 3.2 ULS combinations 4 3.3 SLS combinations 6 4 PERMANENT ACTIONS 8 5 CONSTRUCTION LOADS 9 6 IMPOSED LOADS 10 6.1 General 10 6.2 Reduction due to the loaded area 10 6.3 Reduction due to the number of storeys 11 6.4 Horizontal loads on parapets 11 7 SNOW LOADS 12 8 WIND ACTION 13 8.1 General 13 8.2 Structural factor c s c d 13 9 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE 18 REFERENCES 19 APPENDIX A Worked Example – Wind action on a multi-storey building 21